Mayo Zhang

ANT+ and Bluetooth are the two dominant wireless communication protocols used in modern cycling to connect bike trainers, power meters, heart rate monitors, sensors, and apps, and today they sit at the core of an industry shaped by smart trainers, indoor platforms, smartphones, and data-driven training. Choosing which is better has become a real problem […]

Bike trainers are indoor cycling devices that allow a real bicycle to be ridden in place for training, testing, or racing, and today they sit at the center of modern cycling thanks to smart sensors, app connectivity, and the explosion of virtual platforms like Zwift, turning indoor riding from a winter compromise into a year-round […]

Bike speed sensors are compact cycling sensors that measure wheel rotation to calculate real-time speed and distance with high accuracy, especially where GPS is unreliable, supporting training metrics, navigation data, and ride analysis. First developed in early cycling computers in Europe and North America during the 1990s and now widely refined by brands like Garmin […]

Bike cadence sensors are compact cycling sensors that measure pedaling rate (revolutions per minute, RPM), helping riders understand pedaling efficiency, cadence consistency, and training intensity beyond speed alone. First adopted in sports science and road cycling in Europe and North America in the late 1990s, and now widely integrated with ecosystems from brands like Garmin […]

Bicycle cameras are compact, bike-mounted recording devices designed to capture video footage of rides for safety, evidence, training review, and content creation, covering use cases such as commuting, road cycling, mountain biking, touring, and e-bikes. Popularized globally in the 2000s–2010s alongside action-camera innovation by brands like DJI, GoPro and Insta360, bicycle cameras now play an […]

Heart rate monitors for cycling are devices that measure a rider’s heart rate (BPM) during a ride, helping track training intensity, effort zones, recovery, and cardiovascular load through chest straps or optical sensors. First developed for sports training in Northern Europe in the 1970s by pioneers like Polar and later adopted globally by brands such […]

A bike computer is an electronic cycling device that displays and records riding data such as speed, distance, time, cadence, heart rate, power, and GPS navigation, evolving from basic wired odometers in Europe and North America in the 1980s–1990s into advanced wireless systems through innovators like Garmin and Wahoo. In modern cycling, bike computers play […]